To better understand artificial intelligence, let’s assume that we are in the year 2029. Everything is under the control of Skynet. Robots seek to destroy and conquer mankind. Some people have formed a group called “Human Resistance Force”. The battle between humans and robots has begun. Skynet, which was supposed to ensure an efficient and quick response to the enemy’s attack, to minimize possible human errors in front of the enemy, is now aimed at the destruction of mankind.
After reading the first paragraph, you may have remembered the Terminator movie. In a very brief way, if we want to explain artificial intelligence, we can read this one paragraph, or we can have an escape from the movie mentioned. Artificial intelligence refers to the intelligence shown by machines in various situations that can react similar to human intelligence, including understanding complex situations, simulating human thought processes and reasoning methods and successfully responding to them, learning and ability acquire knowledge and reason to solve problems. In other words, the simulator of human intelligence is placed in the body of machines and systems so that they think like humans and imitate human behavior.
That is exactly what is asked in the Turing test. This test was presented in 1950 by Alan Turing. The experiment was as follows:
If a human interacts with a respondent to solve a problem and reaches a specific answer after asking certain questions and cannot distinguish whether the respondent is a human or a machine, the test has been successfully completed.
Of course, no car has achieved this success so far. Alan Turing also defines artificial intelligence as: “the ability of a computer to achieve human-like efficiency in all cognitive tasks.”
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What is artificial intelligence?
Today, artificial intelligence is a popular topic that is widely discussed and used in technology and business. Many experts and statistical analysts claim that the future is artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning. But when we take a long look at ourselves, we are convinced that we should not be looking for artificial intelligence in the future, even as you are reading this article, the effects of this promised future are clearly visible.
Contrary to popular belief, artificial intelligence is not limited to information technology and related industries. They are also widely used in fields such as medicine, law, education and commercial businesses.
If you have an iPhone, “Siri” is familiar to you. A voice assistant with a female voice that interacts with the user’s daily tasks. Siri allows Apple users to navigate, launch an application, or send a call or text message with their voice commands. That is, the work that should have been done by humans is performed by artificial intelligence by issuing voice commands. Different types of artificial intelligence can be classified according to the amount of artificial intelligence embedded in the machine or robot or application.
Classification of artificial intelligence
1) Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI)
This type of artificial intelligence, which is also known as “weak artificial intelligence”, its main function is focused on one task. This type of artificial intelligence has little and limited ability because it is centralized. Google translation software, Siri or Alexa and even facial recognition programs, that is, exactly the same software that we work with daily, can be considered as weak or limited artificial intelligence.
2) Artificial general intelligence (AGI)
This classification of artificial intelligence can be considered as capable as an adult human. The behavioral pattern of this type of artificial intelligence is to imitate human intelligence. In other words, artificial general intelligence is machine intelligence that can successfully perform any intellectual task that humans are capable of doing. In fact, general intelligence is very flexible and has the possibility of learning skills to perform very diverse tasks.
A wide range of activities can be performed by an artificial general intelligence, from cutting hair to organizing the files of the managers’ spreadsheet to even drawing conclusions from the information and experiences gained. If your mind goes back to the first story of this text and you were asked which category of artificial intelligence Skynet belongs to, I must say that it belongs exactly to this type of artificial intelligence. Of course, this type of artificial intelligence is not complete and according to the experts, approximately 20 years have been considered for it.
3) Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI)
According to experts, super artificial intelligence belongs to the future. In order for this intelligence to be worthy of the title of super artificial intelligence, it must surpass humans and be more capable than humans. This type of artificial intelligence will be able to perform superhuman functions in areas such as decision-making, human relations and even art. An expert named Nick Bostrom sees the time to reach this level 30 years after reaching general artificial intelligence. In fact, for this, a person needs to fully understand the process of the brain and its function, and then proceed to develop and grow super artificial intelligence.
Threats and opportunities of artificial intelligence in the future
In recent years, thanks to the significant advances in computer systems that allow complex analysis and processing to be carried out at a very high speed, we have seen more growth and progress in the field of artificial intelligence. These advances have caused human errors to be minimized in critical areas such as medical sciences and genetics, which are related to human lives, but have caused concerns in some areas. The new global concern in the field of deep fake, which has doubled the need for a law and a comprehensive review of this field.
For example, the introduction of robots in manufacturing industries has led to double and flawless production, which in the past has multiplied the profits of economic enterprises because humans were responsible for doing those tasks and there was a possibility of mistakes. But this has caused threats from a general point of view. One of these threats is the substitution of machines and robots instead of humans in manufacturing jobs and even in recent years, service industries. An alternative that if no arrangements are made for the working and job-seeking generation of societies, it may become the basis for protests and social crimes. According to some, the said scenario is perhaps the best scenario proposed. Because if robots and artificial intelligence find the power to dominate humans and try to destroy humans, holding a job will no longer be of much importance. So should we wait for someone to say “Hasta la vista!”?